All topics

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Take measurements with increasing accuracy and precision using a range of scientific equipment, taking repeat readings when appropriate

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Form a testable scientific hypothesis linking an independent variable to a predicted outcome, plan a full investigation identifying independent, dependent, and…

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Distinguish between precision (consistency of repeated readings) and accuracy (closeness to true value), use significant figures and standard form correctly…

Science // Space Exploration

Explain why the Sun appears much brighter than other stars: it is the nearest star to Earth, not the biggest or brightest star in the universe — understanding…

Science // Space Exploration

Understand gravity as a force that pulls objects towards the centre of the Earth, that 'down' means towards Earth’s centre regardless of where you stand on the…

Science // Space Exploration

Describe key milestones in human space exploration: the Space Race (Sputnik, Yuri Gagarin, Apollo 11 Moon landing), the Space Shuttle era, the International…

Science // Space Exploration

Recognise named constellations visible in different seasons and understand why we see different constellations at different times of year — because Earth’s…

Science // Space Exploration

Understand that ideas about the solar system changed over time: ancient people believed Earth was at the centre (geocentric model, Ptolemy), until Copernicus…

Science // Space Exploration

Describe the scale of the universe in nested layers: Earth is one planet in our solar system, the Sun is one star among billions in the Milky Way galaxy, and…

Science // Space Exploration

Understand the basics of a star’s life cycle: stars are born in clouds of gas and dust (nebulae), shine for millions or billions of years by fusing hydrogen…

Science // Space Exploration

Use scale models, diagrams, or calculations to represent the relative sizes and distances of objects in the solar system, understanding that the distances…

Science // Space Exploration

Describe how astronomers detect planets around other stars using transit photometry (dip in starlight as a planet crosses) and radial velocity (Doppler wobble…

Science // Space Exploration

Explain how the electromagnetic spectrum is the primary tool of modern astronomy — different wavelengths (radio, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray…

Science // Space Systems & Earth's History

Use technical vocabulary for Earth's motion and the wider universe — rotation, revolution, axis, tilt, orbit, light year, gravitational force, atmosphere, lunar…

Science // Space Systems & Earth's History

Describe the sun, Earth, and moon as approximately spherical bodies, and describe the movement of the Earth and other planets orbiting the sun in the solar…

Science // Space Systems & Earth's History

Identify evidence from patterns in rock formations and fossils in rock layers to support an explanation for changes in a landscape over time

Science // Space Systems & Earth's History

Use the idea of the Earth's rotation to explain day and night and the apparent movement of the sun across the sky

Science // Space Systems & Earth's History

Represent data in graphical displays to reveal patterns of daily changes in shadow length and direction, day and night cycles, and seasonal star patterns

Science // Space Systems & Earth's History

Support an argument that the apparent brightness of the sun and stars is due to their relative distances from Earth, understanding the sun is a relatively close…

Science // Space Systems & Earth's History

Explain that the seasons are caused by the tilt of Earth's axis during its orbit around the Sun, distinguishing this from the common misconception that seasons…

Science // Space Systems & Earth's History

Explain the phases of the Moon as the changing angle of sunlight on the lunar surface as seen from Earth, and describe how solar and lunar eclipses occur

Science // Space Systems & Earth's History

Describe the detailed structure of the solar system, including moons, asteroids, and comets, compare orbital periods and distances of the planets, and…

Science // The Human Body

Describe the stages of human development from birth to old age: baby, toddler, child, adolescent (puberty), young adult, middle-aged adult, elderly…

Science // The Human Body

Understand how lifestyle choices affect the body’s health: a balanced diet, regular exercise, adequate sleep, and avoiding harmful substances (tobacco, alcohol…