All topics

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Develop a model to describe that light reflecting from objects and entering the eye allows objects to be seen

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Develop a model of waves to describe patterns in terms of amplitude and wavelength, and understand that waves can cause objects to move

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Use technical vocabulary for wave behaviour — refraction, absorption, reflection, scattering, amplitude, frequency, wavelength, echo, spectrum, angle of…

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Generate and compare multiple solutions that use patterns to transfer information, such as codes and signals

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Recognise that light appears to travel in straight lines and use this to explain how we see objects and why shadows have the same shape as the objects that cast…

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

State the law of reflection (angle of incidence = angle of reflection) and explain refraction as the change in speed and direction when light crosses a boundary…

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Explain that white light is a mixture of all visible colours (ROYGBIV), describe dispersion through a prism, explain why objects appear coloured (selective…

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Describe waves in terms of amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and wave speed; distinguish transverse waves (oscillation perpendicular to direction of travel)…

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Explain that sound is produced by vibrating objects and travels as a longitudinal pressure wave through solids, liquids, and gases; describe reflection of sound…

Science // Weather & Climate

Understand the basics of climate change: Earth’s atmosphere traps some of the Sun's heat (the greenhouse effect), burning fossil fuels adds extra greenhouse…

Science // Weather & Climate

Obtain and combine information to describe that energy and fuels are derived from natural resources and that their uses affect the environment

Science // Weather & Climate

Understand how the Sun drives weather: the Sun heats Earth's surface unevenly (land heats faster than water, equator gets more heat than poles), creating…

Science // Weather & Climate

Understand that Earth has distinct climate zones — tropical (hot and wet near the equator), temperate (moderate, with four seasons), polar (freezing cold)…

Science // Weather & Climate

Understand that engineers design buildings, flood defences, and warning systems to protect communities from extreme weather — hurricane-resistant roofs, flood…

Science // Weather & Climate

Read and interpret weather maps, data tables, and graphs — identifying symbols for sun, rain, wind, and temperature; spotting trends and patterns in weather…

Science // Weather & Climate

Know that Earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the atmosphere, that air has weight and exerts pressure, that the atmosphere protects us from harmful…

Science // Weather & Climate

Know about extreme weather events — hurricanes (spinning storms over warm ocean), tornadoes (violent rotating columns of air), floods, droughts, and blizzards…

Science // Weather & Climate

Explain that unequal solar heating drives large-scale atmospheric circulation: Hadley cells (0-30°), Ferrel cells (30-60°), and polar cells (60-90°) produce the…

Science // Weather & Climate

Describe the electromagnetic spectrum and distinguish between short-wave solar radiation and long-wave infrared radiation emitted by Earth; explain how…