Learn // Topics

All topics

Search by name, or narrow by subject, age, and type. Open a topic to see the ages it covers, what to learn first, and where it leads.

121 to 144 of 235 topics

By subject and area, youngest first

  • Science // Polar Regions

    Where Are the Poles?

    Know that Earth has a North Pole and a South Pole — the two coldest places on the planet — and be able to find them on a globe, understanding that they are at…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Arctic vs Antarctic

    Know that the Arctic (North Pole) and Antarctic (South Pole) are very different — the Arctic is a frozen ocean surrounded by land where people and polar bears…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Polar Animals

    Know about other polar animals besides penguins and polar bears — seals that swim under ice, walruses with long tusks, Arctic foxes that turn white in winter…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Penguins

    Know key facts about penguins — they live in the Antarctic and Southern Hemisphere, they cannot fly but are excellent swimmers, Emperor penguins are the largest…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Polar Bears

    Know key facts about polar bears — they live only in the Arctic (not the Antarctic), they have thick white fur and a layer of fat (blubber) to keep warm, they…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Ice & Snow

    Know that water can be solid (ice and snow) or liquid, that snow is made of tiny frozen ice crystals, that icebergs are huge chunks of ice floating in the ocean…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Brave Polar Explorers

    Know simple stories of brave polar explorers — Robert Falcon Scott and Roald Amundsen who raced to the South Pole, and Ernest Shackleton whose ship Endurance…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Midnight Sun & Polar Night

    Know that at the poles, daylight and darkness are extreme — in summer the Sun never fully sets (midnight sun) and in winter the Sun never rises (polar night…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Comparing Arctic & Antarctic

    Compare the Arctic and Antarctic in detail — the Arctic is an ocean covered by floating sea ice with surrounding land masses (Canada, Russia, Greenland…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Polar Food Chains

    Understand polar food chains — in the Antarctic, phytoplankton are eaten by krill, krill are eaten by fish and penguins, and penguins are eaten by leopard seals…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    The Race to the South Pole

    Know the story of the race to the South Pole in detail — Norwegian Roald Amundsen and British Robert Falcon Scott both set out in 1911, Amundsen arrived first…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Ice & States of Matter

    Understand ice in different forms and states of matter — sea ice forms when ocean water freezes (it's salty and relatively thin), glacial ice forms from…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    The Arctic Tundra

    Know what the Arctic tundra is — a vast, treeless landscape with permafrost (permanently frozen ground) just below the surface, a very short growing season in…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Inuit & Sami Peoples

    Know that indigenous peoples have lived in the Arctic for thousands of years — the Inuit across Canada, Alaska, and Greenland, and the Sami in northern…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Cold-Weather Adaptations

    Understand how polar animals are adapted to survive extreme cold — blubber (thick fat layer) insulates seals and whales, hollow fur traps air for warmth in…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Why Polar Seasons Are Extreme

    Understand why the poles have extreme seasons — Earth's axis is tilted at about 23.5°, so as it orbits the Sun, each pole spends half the year tilted toward the…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • Science // Rainforests

    What Is a Rainforest?

    Know that a rainforest is a thick, tall forest found in hot, wet places near the Equator where it rains almost every day, creating a warm, damp environment…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Rainforests

    Rainforest Layers

    Know that a rainforest has four layers from ground to sky — the forest floor (dark, damp, full of decomposing leaves), the understory (small trees and shrubs in…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Rainforests

    Rainforest Animals

    Name and recognise iconic rainforest animals — jaguars, toucans, sloths, poison dart frogs, howler monkeys, macaws, and butterflies — and know which layer of…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Rainforests

    Rainforest Plants

    Know that rainforests contain an enormous variety of plants — towering kapok and Brazil nut trees, climbing vines called lianas, colourful orchids that grow on…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Rainforests

    Where Rainforests Are

    Know that rainforests are found in a belt around the middle of the Earth — in South America (the Amazon), Central Africa (the Congo), and Southeast Asia — and…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Rainforests

    Indigenous Rainforest Peoples

    Know that indigenous peoples such as the Yanomami have lived in rainforests for thousands of years, building homes from forest materials, finding food by…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Rainforests

    Rainforest Insects

    Know that rainforests are home to millions of insects — leaf-cutter ants that farm fungus, giant beetles, jewel-coloured butterflies, enormous spiders, and…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Rainforests

    Everyday Foods from Rainforests

    Know that many everyday foods come from rainforests — chocolate is made from cacao beans, bananas grow in tropical forests, coffee berries ripen in forest…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept