All topics

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Evaluate competing scientific explanations about dinosaurs by weighing fossil evidence — understanding that scientific knowledge changes as new fossils are…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Evaluate the debate over what drove Pleistocene megafauna to extinction — human overkill, climate change, or a combination — using evidence from fossil records…

Science // Ocean Life

Know that oceanographers and marine biologists study the ocean using submarines, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), satellites, and diving, and that much of the…

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Ask simple scientific questions and recognise that they can be answered in different ways including observation, testing, and research

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Notice the difference between what you observed and what you think it means — 'the ice melted' is an observation; 'the ice melted because of the heat' is an…

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Be willing to change your mind when evidence doesn't support your prediction — a result that surprises you is more valuable than one that confirms what you…

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Identify differences, similarities, or changes related to scientific ideas and use straightforward scientific evidence to answer questions or support findings

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Report on findings from enquiries using oral and written explanations, draw simple conclusions, make predictions, and suggest improvements

Science // Scientific Inquiry

For any result, ask: is there another explanation? — the first explanation that fits isn't always the right one, and good scientists actively look for…

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Two things happening together doesn't mean one caused the other — recognise the difference between correlation and causation before drawing conclusions

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Identify scientific evidence that has been used to support or refute ideas or arguments, evaluating the strength of evidence

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Report and present findings including conclusions, causal relationships, explanations, and a degree of trust in results using oral and written forms

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Plan different types of scientific enquiries to answer questions, recognising and controlling variables where necessary

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Use test results to make predictions and set up further comparative and fair tests to investigate new questions

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Scientific knowledge is provisional — it is the best current explanation based on available evidence, and it can and should be revised when better evidence…

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Form a testable scientific hypothesis linking an independent variable to a predicted outcome, plan a full investigation identifying independent, dependent, and…

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Identify patterns and trends in data, draw conclusions that directly address the hypothesis with quantitative reference to evidence, and evaluate the…

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Communicate scientific findings in a structured report using appropriate scientific vocabulary, SI units, and standard notation; describe how peer review and…

Science // Space Exploration

Evaluate the engineering and human challenges of long-duration spaceflight to Mars — radiation exposure, muscle and bone loss, psychological isolation…

Science // The Human Body

Explain that cancer occurs when mutations in DNA disable normal cell-cycle controls, causing uncontrolled cell division and tumour formation; describe how stem…

Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Understand how volcanologists monitor volcanoes by looking for warning signs — gas emissions, ground swelling, small earthquakes — and that prediction involves…