Science // Area
The Human Body
Age coverage
Ages 5 to 14
Starts at age 5 // 6 topics
Starting at age 5
Your child is discovering how their amazing body works — learning about the heart, lungs, brain, skeleton, and five senses, plus understanding what their body needs to stay healthy and strong.
- How Breathing Works
Know that we breathe air into our lungs through the nose and mouth, that our lungs take in oxygen from the air which our body needs to stay alive, and that we…
Ages 5 to 7Concept - The Heart & Blood
Understand that the heart is a muscle that pumps blood around the body through tubes called blood vessels, and that we can feel our heartbeat by placing a hand…
Ages 5 to 7Concept - The Brain Controls the Body
Understand that the brain is the body’s control centre: it receives messages from the senses, thinks and makes decisions, and sends messages through nerves to…
Ages 5 to 7Concept - Basic Body Needs
Know that the body needs food for energy, water to stay hydrated, sleep to rest and grow, and exercise to keep muscles and the heart strong — and that these are…
Ages 5 to 7Concept - Bones & Muscles
Know that the body has a skeleton made of bones inside it that gives the body its shape and protects important organs like the brain (skull) and heart…
Ages 5 to 7Concept - The Five Senses
Explore the five senses in detail: sight uses eyes to detect light, hearing uses ears to detect sound, touch uses skin to feel pressure and temperature, taste…
Ages 5 to 7Concept
Starts at age 7 // 7 topics
Starting at age 7
Your child is discovering how their body works — learning about different types of teeth, how food travels through the digestive system, how bones and muscles work together, and understanding the importance of a balanced diet.
- Cells, Tissues & Organs
Understand that the body is organised in a hierarchy: tiny cells are the building blocks, groups of similar cells form tissues, tissues combine into organs…
Ages 7 to 9Concept - Balanced Diet & Food Groups
Know the main food groups (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre, water) and understand that a balanced diet includes the right amounts from…
Ages 7 to 9Concept - The Digestive Journey
Trace the journey of food through the digestive system: food enters the mouth where teeth break it down and saliva begins digestion, travels down the oesophagus…
Ages 7 to 9Concept - How the Eye Works
Describe how the eye works: light enters through the pupil, the lens focuses it onto the retina at the back of the eye, and the retina sends signals along the…
Ages 7 to 9Concept - Types of Teeth
Identify the four types of human teeth (incisors for cutting, canines for tearing, premolars and molars for grinding) and understand that tooth shape is linked…
Ages 7 to 9Concept - How Muscles Move Bones
Understand that muscles work in pairs to move bones: when one muscle contracts (gets shorter and pulls), the opposite muscle relaxes, and that some muscles are…
Ages 7 to 9Concept - Naming Major Bones
Identify major bones of the human skeleton by name (skull, spine/vertebrae, ribcage, pelvis, femur, humerus) and explain the skeleton’s three jobs: supporting…
Ages 7 to 9Concept
Starts at age 9 // 7 topics
Starting at age 9
Your child is discovering how their body works — exploring the respiratory, circulatory, and nervous systems in detail, and understanding how lifestyle choices affect their health and development.
- Growing Up & Puberty
Describe the stages of human development from birth to old age: baby, toddler, child, adolescent (puberty), young adult, middle-aged adult, elderly…
Ages 9 to 11Concept - Healthy Lifestyle Choices
Understand how lifestyle choices affect the body’s health: a balanced diet, regular exercise, adequate sleep, and avoiding harmful substances (tobacco, alcohol…
Ages 9 to 11Concept - Heart & Blood Circulation
Describe the circulatory system in detail: the heart has four chambers (two atria, two ventricles) that pump blood in a double loop — one to the lungs for…
Ages 9 to 11Concept - Circulation & Breathing Together
Understand how the circulatory and respiratory systems work together: the lungs oxygenate the blood, the heart pumps it around the body, cells use the oxygen…
Ages 9 to 11Concept - The Nervous System
Understand that the nervous system has two parts — the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and nerves that branch throughout the body — and that…
Ages 9 to 11Concept - How the Lungs Work
Explain how the respiratory system works in detail: air travels through the nose/mouth, down the trachea, into bronchi and bronchioles, reaching tiny air sacs…
Ages 9 to 11Concept - The Immune System
Know that the body has an immune system that protects against illness: the skin acts as a barrier, white blood cells identify and destroy germs (bacteria and…
Ages 9 to 11Concept
Starts at age 11 // 2 topics
Starting at age 11
- Neurons & Brain Structure
Explain how neurons transmit signals as electrochemical impulses across synapses, describe how the brain is organised (lobes and functions, limbic system for…
Ages 11 to 13Concept - Immunity & Vaccines
Distinguish innate (non-specific, immediate) from adaptive (specific, memory-forming) immunity; explain how B cells produce antibodies that recognise specific…
Ages 11 to 13Concept
Starts at age 12 // 2 topics
Starting at age 12
- How the Body Stays in Balance
Explain homeostasis as the process of maintaining a stable internal environment; describe the main feedback loop systems (negative feedback) using blood glucose…
Ages 12 to 14Concept - DNA & Genes
Describe the double helix structure of DNA (base pairs, complementarity), explain how genes are sections of DNA that code for proteins, introduce the central…
Ages 12 to 14Concept
Starts at age 13 // 1 topic
Starting at age 13
- Cancer & Stem Cells
Explain that cancer occurs when mutations in DNA disable normal cell-cycle controls, causing uncontrolled cell division and tumour formation; describe how stem…
Ages 13 to 14Thinking skill