All topics

Science // Organisms & Life Processes

Construct an argument that plants and animals have internal and external structures that function to support survival, growth, behaviour, and reproduction

Science // Organisms & Life Processes

Recognise the impact of diet, exercise, drugs, and lifestyle on the way human bodies function

Science // Organisms & Life Processes

Identify and name the main parts of the human circulatory system and describe the functions of the heart, blood vessels, and blood

Science // Organisms & Life Processes

Describe how nutrients and water are transported within animals, including the role of the circulatory system in delivering nutrients from digestion

Science // Organisms & Life Processes

Use models to describe that energy in animals' food was once energy from the sun, transferred through plants or other organisms

Science // Organisms & Life Processes

Support an argument that plants get the materials they need for growth chiefly from air and water, not from the soil

Science // Organisms & Life Processes

Understand that all living organisms are made of cells and use a light microscope to observe, interpret, and record cell structure

Science // Organisms & Life Processes

Describe the functions of the main components of plant and animal cells: cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria, ribosomes, and…

Science // Organisms & Life Processes

Explain photosynthesis as the process by which plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, and describe how mineral…

Science // Organisms & Life Processes

Compare plant and animal cells, identifying shared features and structures unique to plant cells (cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts)

Science // Organisms & Life Processes

Describe the hierarchical organisation of multicellular organisms: cells → tissues → organs → organ systems → organism

Science // Organisms & Life Processes

Describe the organs of the human digestive system and how food is physically and chemically digested, including the role of enzymes as biological catalysts

Science // Organisms & Life Processes

Explain biomechanics — the interaction between skeleton and muscles at joints, including the roles of tendons (attach muscle to bone) and ligaments (attach bone…

Science // Organisms & Life Processes

Explain that muscles work in antagonistic pairs — one contracts while the other relaxes — to produce movement, using the bicep and tricep as a key example

Science // Organisms & Life Processes

Identify the seven components of a healthy diet — carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre, and water — and explain the role of each…

Science // Organisms & Life Processes

Describe the structure and four main functions of the human skeleton: support, protection, movement, and production of blood cells in bone marrow

Science // Organisms & Life Processes

Explain the health consequences of an imbalanced diet including obesity (excess energy), starvation (severe energy deficit), and deficiency diseases (lack of…

Science // Organisms & Life Processes

Explain how unicellular organisms such as bacteria and Amoeba carry out all the functions of life within a single cell

Science // Polar Regions

Understand the conservation challenges facing polar regions — marine protected areas in the Southern Ocean aim to preserve Antarctic ecosystems, Arctic nations…

Science // Polar Regions

Understand how climate change is affecting polar regions — Arctic sea ice is shrinking dramatically (losing about 13% per decade since 1979), the Greenland and…

Science // Polar Regions

Understand the cryosphere and its role in Earth's water system — the cryosphere is all frozen water on Earth (ice sheets, glaciers, sea ice, permafrost, snow…

Science // Polar Regions

Understand how polar oceans connect to the global climate system — cold, dense polar water sinks and drives thermohaline circulation (a global conveyor belt of…

Science // Polar Regions

Understand that polar regions belong to the polar climate zone — one of Earth's five main climate zones (tropical, arid, temperate, continental, polar)…

Science // Polar Regions

Know that Antarctica is governed by the Antarctic Treaty (signed 1959, in force since 1961) — which sets Antarctica aside for peaceful purposes and scientific…