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Science // Polar Regions
Polar Ecosystems ComparedCompare Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems — the Arctic has both terrestrial (tundra) and marine ecosystems supporting large land mammals and indigenous human…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Polar Regions
Polar Exploration Then & NowCompare historical polar exploration with modern polar science — the Heroic Age (1897–1922) relied on ships, dogs, and human endurance with many fatalities…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Polar Regions
Glaciers & Ice SheetsUnderstand how glaciers and ice sheets form and behave — snow accumulates over centuries and compresses into dense ice, glaciers flow slowly downhill under…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Rainforests
Rainforest Futures & Trade-OffsUnderstand that the future of rainforests depends on balancing competing needs — economic development for local communities, indigenous peoples' rights to their…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Rainforests
Rainforests & Global ClimateUnderstand the connection between rainforests and global climate — rainforests absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen through photosynthesis, store enormous…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Rainforests
Deforestation Causes & ScaleUnderstand the causes and scale of rainforest deforestation — cattle ranching (largest driver in the Amazon), soy and palm oil plantations, logging for timber…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Rainforests
Rainforest ConservationKnow the main approaches to rainforest conservation — protected areas and national parks, reforestation and rewilding programmes, sustainable certification…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Rainforests
Rainforest Products in Daily LifeUnderstand how rainforest products connect to everyday life through global supply chains — palm oil is in snacks, soap, and cosmetics; soy feeds livestock…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Rainforests
Temperate RainforestsKnow that not all rainforests are tropical — temperate rainforests exist in cooler, wet regions like the Pacific Northwest of North America, western Scotland…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Rainforests
Rainforest BiodiversityUnderstand that rainforests are biodiversity hotspots — covering just 6% of Earth's land surface but containing over 50% of all known plant and animal species…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Rainforests
Nutrient Cycling in Thin SoilUnderstand the paradox of nutrient cycling in rainforests — despite lush growth, rainforest soil is typically thin and nutrient-poor because most nutrients are…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Scientific Inquiry
Repeated tests for reliabilityDistinguish between precision (consistency of repeated readings) and accuracy (closeness to true value), use significant figures and standard form correctly…
Ages 11 to 12ConceptScience // Space Exploration
Why the Sun Looks BrightestExplain why the Sun appears much brighter than other stars: it is the nearest star to Earth, not the biggest or brightest star in the universe — understanding…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Space Exploration
Gravity Pulls Things DownUnderstand gravity as a force that pulls objects towards the centre of the Earth, that 'down' means towards Earth’s centre regardless of where you stand on the…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Space Exploration
Space Exploration MilestonesDescribe key milestones in human space exploration: the Space Race (Sputnik, Yuri Gagarin, Apollo 11 Moon landing), the Space Shuttle era, the International…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Space Exploration
Seasonal ConstellationsRecognise named constellations visible in different seasons and understand why we see different constellations at different times of year — because Earth’s…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Space Exploration
Changing Ideas About SpaceUnderstand that ideas about the solar system changed over time: ancient people believed Earth was at the centre (geocentric model, Ptolemy), until Copernicus…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Space Exploration
The Vast Scale of SpaceDescribe the scale of the universe in nested layers: Earth is one planet in our solar system, the Sun is one star among billions in the Milky Way galaxy, and…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Space Exploration
Life Cycle of StarsUnderstand the basics of a star’s life cycle: stars are born in clouds of gas and dust (nebulae), shine for millions or billions of years by fusing hydrogen…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Space Exploration
Finding ExoplanetsDescribe how astronomers detect planets around other stars using transit photometry (dip in starlight as a planet crosses) and radial velocity (Doppler wobble…
Ages 11 to 13ConceptScience // Space Exploration
Observing with Light WavesExplain how the electromagnetic spectrum is the primary tool of modern astronomy — different wavelengths (radio, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray…
Ages 11 to 13ConceptScience // Space Systems & Earth's History
The solar systemDescribe the sun, Earth, and moon as approximately spherical bodies, and describe the movement of the Earth and other planets orbiting the sun in the solar…
Ages 9 to 10ConceptScience // Space Systems & Earth's History
How fossils formIdentify evidence from patterns in rock formations and fossils in rock layers to support an explanation for changes in a landscape over time
Ages 9 to 10ConceptScience // Space Systems & Earth's History
Earth's rotation and day/nightUse the idea of the Earth's rotation to explain day and night and the apparent movement of the sun across the sky
Ages 9 to 11Concept