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Science // Ocean Life
Coral Bleaching & AcidificationExplain the mutualistic symbiosis between coral polyps and photosynthetic zooxanthellae; describe how heat stress causes bleaching (corals expel zooxanthellae…
Ages 12 to 13ConceptScience // Ocean Life
Predator Loss and Ecosystem EffectsQuantify energy transfer efficiency through trophic levels (~10% rule); explain trophic cascades: how removing an apex predator triggers a chain of ecosystem…
Ages 12 to 14ConceptScience // Ocean Life
Deep-Ocean Exploration TechnologyExplain how crewed submersibles (Alvin, Deepsea Challenger) and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) allow exploration of the deep; describe acoustic seafloor…
Ages 13 to 14ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Cells Under the MicroscopeUnderstand that all living organisms are made of cells and use a light microscope to observe, interpret, and record cell structure
Ages 11 to 12ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Parts of Plant and Animal CellsDescribe the functions of the main components of plant and animal cells: cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria, ribosomes, and…
Ages 11 to 12ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
PhotosynthesisExplain photosynthesis as the process by which plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, and describe how mineral…
Ages 11 to 12ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Plant Cells vs Animal CellsCompare plant and animal cells, identifying shared features and structures unique to plant cells (cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts)
Ages 11 to 12ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Cells to Organ SystemsDescribe the hierarchical organisation of multicellular organisms: cells → tissues → organs → organ systems → organism
Ages 11 to 12ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Digestion & EnzymesDescribe the organs of the human digestive system and how food is physically and chemically digested, including the role of enzymes as biological catalysts
Ages 11 to 13ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Joints, Tendons & LigamentsExplain biomechanics — the interaction between skeleton and muscles at joints, including the roles of tendons (attach muscle to bone) and ligaments (attach bone…
Ages 11 to 13ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Muscles Work in PairsExplain that muscles work in antagonistic pairs — one contracts while the other relaxes — to produce movement, using the bicep and tricep as a key example
Ages 11 to 13ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Nutrients in a Healthy DietIdentify the seven components of a healthy diet — carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre, and water — and explain the role of each…
Ages 11 to 13ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
The Human SkeletonDescribe the structure and four main functions of the human skeleton: support, protection, movement, and production of blood cells in bone marrow
Ages 11 to 13ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Diet Imbalance & DeficiencyExplain the health consequences of an imbalanced diet including obesity (excess energy), starvation (severe energy deficit), and deficiency diseases (lack of…
Ages 11 to 13ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Single-Celled OrganismsExplain how unicellular organisms such as bacteria and Amoeba carry out all the functions of life within a single cell
Ages 11 to 12ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Heart Structure & Double CirculationDescribe the structure of the heart (four chambers, valves, coronary arteries) and explain how it pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood to…
Ages 12 to 13ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Gut Bacteria & DigestionExplain the role of gut microbiome bacteria in digestion, including breaking down dietary fibre and contributing to a healthy gut environment
Ages 12 to 13ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Gas Exchange & BreathingDescribe the structure of the human gas exchange system (trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli) and explain how the mechanism of breathing — using pressure…
Ages 12 to 13ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Aerobic RespirationExplain aerobic respiration as the process by which organisms release energy from glucose using oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water; write and interpret…
Ages 12 to 13ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
How Diffusion WorksExplain diffusion as the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration, and describe its role in moving materials…
Ages 12 to 13ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Plant ReproductionDescribe the structure of a flower and explain the processes of wind and insect pollination, fertilisation, seed and fruit formation, and seed dispersal in…
Ages 12 to 13ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Anaerobic RespirationExplain anaerobic respiration in animals as the incomplete breakdown of glucose to lactic acid when oxygen is in short supply, causing muscle fatigue; contrast…
Ages 12 to 14ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Body Temperature RegulationExplain how the human body detects and responds to environmental changes including temperature, including the role of the skin in temperature regulation…
Ages 12 to 14ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Human ReproductionDescribe the structure and function of the male and female human reproductive systems, and explain the processes of fertilisation, gestation, and birth…
Ages 12 to 13Concept