All topics

Science // Polar Regions

Know about other polar animals besides penguins and polar bears — seals that swim under ice, walruses with long tusks, Arctic foxes that turn white in winter…

Science // Polar Regions

Know key facts about penguins — they live in the Antarctic and Southern Hemisphere, they cannot fly but are excellent swimmers, Emperor penguins are the largest…

Science // Polar Regions

Know key facts about polar bears — they live only in the Arctic (not the Antarctic), they have thick white fur and a layer of fat (blubber) to keep warm, they…

Science // Polar Regions

Know that water can be solid (ice and snow) or liquid, that snow is made of tiny frozen ice crystals, that icebergs are huge chunks of ice floating in the ocean…

Science // Polar Regions

Know simple stories of brave polar explorers — Robert Falcon Scott and Roald Amundsen who raced to the South Pole, and Ernest Shackleton whose ship Endurance…

Science // Polar Regions

Know that at the poles, daylight and darkness are extreme — in summer the Sun never fully sets (midnight sun) and in winter the Sun never rises (polar night…

Science // Rainforests

Know that a rainforest is a thick, tall forest found in hot, wet places near the Equator where it rains almost every day, creating a warm, damp environment…

Science // Rainforests

Know that a rainforest has four layers from ground to sky — the forest floor (dark, damp, full of decomposing leaves), the understory (small trees and shrubs in…

Science // Rainforests

Name and recognise iconic rainforest animals — jaguars, toucans, sloths, poison dart frogs, howler monkeys, macaws, and butterflies — and know which layer of…

Science // Rainforests

Know that rainforests contain an enormous variety of plants — towering kapok and Brazil nut trees, climbing vines called lianas, colourful orchids that grow on…

Science // Rainforests

Know that rainforests are found in a belt around the middle of the Earth — in South America (the Amazon), Central Africa (the Congo), and Southeast Asia — and…

Science // Rainforests

Know that indigenous peoples such as the Yanomami have lived in rainforests for thousands of years, building homes from forest materials, finding food by…

Science // Rainforests

Know that rainforests are home to millions of insects — leaf-cutter ants that farm fungus, giant beetles, jewel-coloured butterflies, enormous spiders, and…

Science // Rainforests

Know that many everyday foods come from rainforests — chocolate is made from cacao beans, bananas grow in tropical forests, coffee berries ripen in forest…

Science // Rainforests

Describe what it feels like inside a rainforest — hot and sticky (humid), dark on the ground because the treetops block the light, loud with animal calls and…

Science // Space Exploration

Identify the Sun, Moon, and stars as objects in the sky and describe basic differences: the Sun gives light and heat during the day, stars are tiny points of…

Science // Space Exploration

Know that there are other planets besides Earth and that our group of planets orbiting the Sun is called the solar system — and that space is the vast area…

Science // Space Exploration

Know that astronauts are people who travel to space in rockets, that humans have walked on the Moon (Apollo missions), and that astronauts today live and work…

Science // Space Exploration

Observe and describe the Moon's changing shape over about a month, recognising that it goes through a repeating cycle of phases from new moon (invisible) to…

Science // Space Exploration

Recognise a few star patterns (constellations) in the night sky, starting with the Big Dipper (the Plough), and understand that the North Star (Polaris) can be…

Science // Space Systems & Earth's History

Make observations at different times of year to relate the amount of daylight to the time of year, noticing longer days in summer and shorter days in winter

Science // The Human Body

Know that we breathe air into our lungs through the nose and mouth, that our lungs take in oxygen from the air which our body needs to stay alive, and that we…

Science // The Human Body

Understand that the heart is a muscle that pumps blood around the body through tubes called blood vessels, and that we can feel our heartbeat by placing a hand…

Science // The Human Body

Understand that the brain is the body’s control centre: it receives messages from the senses, thinks and makes decisions, and sends messages through nerves to…