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Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Know what an earthquake is: a sudden shaking of the ground that can be strong or weak

Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Understand that Earth is made of rock and other solid materials

Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Understand that Earth's surface changes: some changes are quick (eruptions, earthquakes) and some are slow (wind, water wearing away rock)

Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Appreciate that volcanic eruptions are powerful events that can change the landscape

Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Recognise that volcanoes and earthquakes tend to happen in certain places — especially around the edges of the Pacific Ocean (Ring of Fire) — not randomly…

Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Know that Earth has layers — a thin outer crust, a thick hot mantle, and a core at the centre — and that the inside of the Earth is extremely hot

Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Understand that earthquakes happen when rocks underground suddenly move or break, releasing energy that shakes the ground

Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Know the three main types of rock — igneous (formed when lava or magma cools), sedimentary (formed from layers pressed together), and metamorphic — and that…

Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Understand the inside of a volcano: magma is hot melted rock underground, lava is the same material after it reaches the surface, and volcanoes have a magma…

Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Classify volcanoes as active (could erupt any time), dormant (sleeping but could wake up), or extinct (will not erupt again)

Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Know the story of Pompeii: a Roman city buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, preserved under volcanic ash, and rediscovered by archaeologists…

Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Know what a tsunami is: a very large, fast ocean wave caused by an earthquake or volcanic eruption under the sea, which can cause great damage when it reaches…

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Observe that objects in darkness can be seen only when illuminated by a light source

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Understand that vibrating materials can make sound, and that sound can make materials vibrate

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Recognise that shadows are formed when light from a source is blocked by an opaque object, and find patterns in how shadow size changes

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Notice that light is reflected from surfaces, and that shiny smooth surfaces reflect light best

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Recognise that light from the sun can be dangerous and that there are ways to protect eyes

Science // Weather & Climate

Identify and describe different types of weather — sunny, rainy, windy, snowy, cloudy, foggy, stormy — and describe what the weather is like today using simple…

Science // Weather & Climate

Know that weather changes with the seasons — spring brings rain and new growth, summer is warmest with long days, autumn brings cooling and falling leaves…

Science // Weather & Climate

Know that rain falls from clouds in the sky, that puddles disappear because water goes back into the air, and that this is part of how water moves around — up…

Science // Weather & Climate

Understand temperature as how hot or cold something is, that a thermometer measures temperature, and use words like hot, warm, cool, and cold to describe how…

Science // Weather & Climate

Know that wind is moving air, that it can be gentle (a breeze) or very strong (a gale), and that wind can move things like leaves, kites, flags, and even push…

Science // Weather & Climate

Ask questions to obtain information about the purpose of weather forecasting and how people prepare for and respond to severe weather

Science // Weather & Climate

Know basic storm safety: during thunder and lightning, go indoors or into a car, stay away from trees and water; understand that storms can be frightening but…