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241 to 264 of 438 topics

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  • Science // Organisms & Life Processes

    Digestion & Enzymes

    Describe the organs of the human digestive system and how food is physically and chemically digested, including the role of enzymes as biological catalysts

    Ages 11 to 13Concept
  • Science // Organisms & Life Processes

    Joints, Tendons & Ligaments

    Explain biomechanics — the interaction between skeleton and muscles at joints, including the roles of tendons (attach muscle to bone) and ligaments (attach bone…

    Ages 11 to 13Concept
  • Science // Organisms & Life Processes

    Muscles Work in Pairs

    Explain that muscles work in antagonistic pairs — one contracts while the other relaxes — to produce movement, using the bicep and tricep as a key example

    Ages 11 to 13Concept
  • Science // Organisms & Life Processes

    Nutrients in a Healthy Diet

    Identify the seven components of a healthy diet — carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre, and water — and explain the role of each…

    Ages 11 to 13Concept
  • Science // Organisms & Life Processes

    The Human Skeleton

    Describe the structure and four main functions of the human skeleton: support, protection, movement, and production of blood cells in bone marrow

    Ages 11 to 13Concept
  • Science // Organisms & Life Processes

    Diet Imbalance & Deficiency

    Explain the health consequences of an imbalanced diet including obesity (excess energy), starvation (severe energy deficit), and deficiency diseases (lack of…

    Ages 11 to 13Concept
  • Science // Organisms & Life Processes

    Single-Celled Organisms

    Explain how unicellular organisms such as bacteria and Amoeba carry out all the functions of life within a single cell

    Ages 11 to 12Concept
  • Science // Organisms & Life Processes

    Heart Structure & Double Circulation

    Describe the structure of the heart (four chambers, valves, coronary arteries) and explain how it pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood to…

    Ages 12 to 13Concept
  • Science // Organisms & Life Processes

    Gut Bacteria & Digestion

    Explain the role of gut microbiome bacteria in digestion, including breaking down dietary fibre and contributing to a healthy gut environment

    Ages 12 to 13Concept
  • Science // Organisms & Life Processes

    Gas Exchange & Breathing

    Describe the structure of the human gas exchange system (trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli) and explain how the mechanism of breathing — using pressure…

    Ages 12 to 13Concept
  • Science // Organisms & Life Processes

    Aerobic Respiration

    Explain aerobic respiration as the process by which organisms release energy from glucose using oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water; write and interpret…

    Ages 12 to 13Concept
  • Science // Organisms & Life Processes

    How Diffusion Works

    Explain diffusion as the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration, and describe its role in moving materials…

    Ages 12 to 13Concept
  • Science // Organisms & Life Processes

    Plant Reproduction

    Describe the structure of a flower and explain the processes of wind and insect pollination, fertilisation, seed and fruit formation, and seed dispersal in…

    Ages 12 to 13Concept
  • Science // Organisms & Life Processes

    Anaerobic Respiration

    Explain anaerobic respiration in animals as the incomplete breakdown of glucose to lactic acid when oxygen is in short supply, causing muscle fatigue; contrast…

    Ages 12 to 14Concept
  • Science // Organisms & Life Processes

    Body Temperature Regulation

    Explain how the human body detects and responds to environmental changes including temperature, including the role of the skin in temperature regulation…

    Ages 12 to 14Concept
  • Science // Organisms & Life Processes

    Human Reproduction

    Describe the structure and function of the male and female human reproductive systems, and explain the processes of fertilisation, gestation, and birth…

    Ages 12 to 13Concept
  • Science // Organisms & Life Processes

    Pathogens & the Immune System

    Explain how pathogens (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) cause disease and describe how the immune system responds, including the roles of white blood cells…

    Ages 12 to 14Concept
  • Science // Organisms & Life Processes

    Effects of Drugs & Alcohol

    Explain the effects of recreational drugs including alcohol, tobacco, and illegal substances on behaviour, health, and body systems, and distinguish between…

    Ages 13 to 14Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Where Are the Poles?

    Know that Earth has a North Pole and a South Pole — the two coldest places on the planet — and be able to find them on a globe, understanding that they are at…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Arctic vs Antarctic

    Know that the Arctic (North Pole) and Antarctic (South Pole) are very different — the Arctic is a frozen ocean surrounded by land where people and polar bears…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Polar Animals

    Know about other polar animals besides penguins and polar bears — seals that swim under ice, walruses with long tusks, Arctic foxes that turn white in winter…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Penguins

    Know key facts about penguins — they live in the Antarctic and Southern Hemisphere, they cannot fly but are excellent swimmers, Emperor penguins are the largest…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Polar Bears

    Know key facts about polar bears — they live only in the Arctic (not the Antarctic), they have thick white fur and a layer of fat (blubber) to keep warm, they…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Ice & Snow

    Know that water can be solid (ice and snow) or liquid, that snow is made of tiny frozen ice crystals, that icebergs are huge chunks of ice floating in the ocean…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept