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Science // Polar Regions
Brave Polar ExplorersKnow simple stories of brave polar explorers — Robert Falcon Scott and Roald Amundsen who raced to the South Pole, and Ernest Shackleton whose ship Endurance…
Ages 5 to 7ConceptScience // Polar Regions
Midnight Sun & Polar NightKnow that at the poles, daylight and darkness are extreme — in summer the Sun never fully sets (midnight sun) and in winter the Sun never rises (polar night…
Ages 5 to 7ConceptScience // Polar Regions
Comparing Arctic & AntarcticCompare the Arctic and Antarctic in detail — the Arctic is an ocean covered by floating sea ice with surrounding land masses (Canada, Russia, Greenland…
Ages 7 to 9ConceptScience // Polar Regions
Polar Food ChainsUnderstand polar food chains — in the Antarctic, phytoplankton are eaten by krill, krill are eaten by fish and penguins, and penguins are eaten by leopard seals…
Ages 7 to 9ConceptScience // Polar Regions
The Race to the South PoleKnow the story of the race to the South Pole in detail — Norwegian Roald Amundsen and British Robert Falcon Scott both set out in 1911, Amundsen arrived first…
Ages 7 to 9ConceptScience // Polar Regions
Ice & States of MatterUnderstand ice in different forms and states of matter — sea ice forms when ocean water freezes (it's salty and relatively thin), glacial ice forms from…
Ages 7 to 9ConceptScience // Polar Regions
The Arctic TundraKnow what the Arctic tundra is — a vast, treeless landscape with permafrost (permanently frozen ground) just below the surface, a very short growing season in…
Ages 7 to 9ConceptScience // Polar Regions
Inuit & Sami PeoplesKnow that indigenous peoples have lived in the Arctic for thousands of years — the Inuit across Canada, Alaska, and Greenland, and the Sami in northern…
Ages 7 to 9ConceptScience // Polar Regions
Cold-Weather AdaptationsUnderstand how polar animals are adapted to survive extreme cold — blubber (thick fat layer) insulates seals and whales, hollow fur traps air for warmth in…
Ages 7 to 9ConceptScience // Polar Regions
Why Polar Seasons Are ExtremeUnderstand why the poles have extreme seasons — Earth's axis is tilted at about 23.5°, so as it orbits the Sun, each pole spends half the year tilted toward the…
Ages 7 to 9ConceptScience // Polar Regions
Polar Conservation & FutureUnderstand the conservation challenges facing polar regions — marine protected areas in the Southern Ocean aim to preserve Antarctic ecosystems, Arctic nations…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Polar Regions
Climate Change at the PolesUnderstand how climate change is affecting polar regions — Arctic sea ice is shrinking dramatically (losing about 13% per decade since 1979), the Greenland and…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Polar Regions
Earth's Frozen WaterUnderstand the cryosphere and its role in Earth's water system — the cryosphere is all frozen water on Earth (ice sheets, glaciers, sea ice, permafrost, snow…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Polar Regions
Polar Oceans and World ClimateUnderstand how polar oceans connect to the global climate system — cold, dense polar water sinks and drives thermohaline circulation (a global conveyor belt of…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Polar Regions
Polar Climate ZoneUnderstand that polar regions belong to the polar climate zone — one of Earth's five main climate zones (tropical, arid, temperate, continental, polar)…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Polar Regions
Antarctic Treaty & ResearchKnow that Antarctica is governed by the Antarctic Treaty (signed 1959, in force since 1961) — which sets Antarctica aside for peaceful purposes and scientific…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Polar Regions
Polar Ecosystems ComparedCompare Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems — the Arctic has both terrestrial (tundra) and marine ecosystems supporting large land mammals and indigenous human…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Polar Regions
Polar Exploration Then & NowCompare historical polar exploration with modern polar science — the Heroic Age (1897–1922) relied on ships, dogs, and human endurance with many fatalities…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Polar Regions
Glaciers & Ice SheetsUnderstand how glaciers and ice sheets form and behave — snow accumulates over centuries and compresses into dense ice, glaciers flow slowly downhill under…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Rainforests
What Is a Rainforest?Know that a rainforest is a thick, tall forest found in hot, wet places near the Equator where it rains almost every day, creating a warm, damp environment…
Ages 5 to 7ConceptScience // Rainforests
Rainforest LayersKnow that a rainforest has four layers from ground to sky — the forest floor (dark, damp, full of decomposing leaves), the understory (small trees and shrubs in…
Ages 5 to 7ConceptScience // Rainforests
Rainforest AnimalsName and recognise iconic rainforest animals — jaguars, toucans, sloths, poison dart frogs, howler monkeys, macaws, and butterflies — and know which layer of…
Ages 5 to 7ConceptScience // Rainforests
Rainforest PlantsKnow that rainforests contain an enormous variety of plants — towering kapok and Brazil nut trees, climbing vines called lianas, colourful orchids that grow on…
Ages 5 to 7ConceptScience // Rainforests
Where Rainforests AreKnow that rainforests are found in a belt around the middle of the Earth — in South America (the Amazon), Central Africa (the Congo), and Southeast Asia — and…
Ages 5 to 7Concept