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  • Science // Organisms & Life Processes

    Body Temperature Regulation

    Explain how the human body detects and responds to environmental changes including temperature, including the role of the skin in temperature regulation…

    Ages 12 to 14Concept
  • Science // Organisms & Life Processes

    Human Reproduction

    Describe the structure and function of the male and female human reproductive systems, and explain the processes of fertilisation, gestation, and birth…

    Ages 12 to 13Concept
  • Science // Organisms & Life Processes

    Pathogens & the Immune System

    Explain how pathogens (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) cause disease and describe how the immune system responds, including the roles of white blood cells…

    Ages 12 to 14Concept
  • Science // Organisms & Life Processes

    Effects of Drugs & Alcohol

    Explain the effects of recreational drugs including alcohol, tobacco, and illegal substances on behaviour, health, and body systems, and distinguish between…

    Ages 13 to 14Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Where Are the Poles?

    Know that Earth has a North Pole and a South Pole — the two coldest places on the planet — and be able to find them on a globe, understanding that they are at…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Arctic vs Antarctic

    Know that the Arctic (North Pole) and Antarctic (South Pole) are very different — the Arctic is a frozen ocean surrounded by land where people and polar bears…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Polar Animals

    Know about other polar animals besides penguins and polar bears — seals that swim under ice, walruses with long tusks, Arctic foxes that turn white in winter…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Penguins

    Know key facts about penguins — they live in the Antarctic and Southern Hemisphere, they cannot fly but are excellent swimmers, Emperor penguins are the largest…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Polar Bears

    Know key facts about polar bears — they live only in the Arctic (not the Antarctic), they have thick white fur and a layer of fat (blubber) to keep warm, they…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Ice & Snow

    Know that water can be solid (ice and snow) or liquid, that snow is made of tiny frozen ice crystals, that icebergs are huge chunks of ice floating in the ocean…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Brave Polar Explorers

    Know simple stories of brave polar explorers — Robert Falcon Scott and Roald Amundsen who raced to the South Pole, and Ernest Shackleton whose ship Endurance…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Midnight Sun & Polar Night

    Know that at the poles, daylight and darkness are extreme — in summer the Sun never fully sets (midnight sun) and in winter the Sun never rises (polar night…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Comparing Arctic & Antarctic

    Compare the Arctic and Antarctic in detail — the Arctic is an ocean covered by floating sea ice with surrounding land masses (Canada, Russia, Greenland…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Polar Food Chains

    Understand polar food chains — in the Antarctic, phytoplankton are eaten by krill, krill are eaten by fish and penguins, and penguins are eaten by leopard seals…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    The Race to the South Pole

    Know the story of the race to the South Pole in detail — Norwegian Roald Amundsen and British Robert Falcon Scott both set out in 1911, Amundsen arrived first…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Ice & States of Matter

    Understand ice in different forms and states of matter — sea ice forms when ocean water freezes (it's salty and relatively thin), glacial ice forms from…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    The Arctic Tundra

    Know what the Arctic tundra is — a vast, treeless landscape with permafrost (permanently frozen ground) just below the surface, a very short growing season in…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Inuit & Sami Peoples

    Know that indigenous peoples have lived in the Arctic for thousands of years — the Inuit across Canada, Alaska, and Greenland, and the Sami in northern…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Cold-Weather Adaptations

    Understand how polar animals are adapted to survive extreme cold — blubber (thick fat layer) insulates seals and whales, hollow fur traps air for warmth in…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Why Polar Seasons Are Extreme

    Understand why the poles have extreme seasons — Earth's axis is tilted at about 23.5°, so as it orbits the Sun, each pole spends half the year tilted toward the…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Polar Conservation & Future

    Understand the conservation challenges facing polar regions — marine protected areas in the Southern Ocean aim to preserve Antarctic ecosystems, Arctic nations…

    Ages 9 to 11Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Climate Change at the Poles

    Understand how climate change is affecting polar regions — Arctic sea ice is shrinking dramatically (losing about 13% per decade since 1979), the Greenland and…

    Ages 9 to 11Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Earth's Frozen Water

    Understand the cryosphere and its role in Earth's water system — the cryosphere is all frozen water on Earth (ice sheets, glaciers, sea ice, permafrost, snow…

    Ages 9 to 11Concept
  • Science // Polar Regions

    Polar Oceans and World Climate

    Understand how polar oceans connect to the global climate system — cold, dense polar water sinks and drives thermohaline circulation (a global conveyor belt of…

    Ages 9 to 11Concept