History // Historical Thinking
Understanding People in Their Own Time
Understand that people in the past saw the world very differently from us — judge their actions by the context they lived in, not only by today's values
Quick check
If the learner learns that people in the past did something that seems wrong today, can they think about why those people might have believed it was normal or right at the time?
Ask this to see whether the topic is secure.
Topic // Mastery
What mastery looks like
- Historical Empathy: A Cognitive-Affective Theory (ERIC)
- Year 4-6 historical empathy research
Topic // Map
Where this fits
- RequiredMust come first
- HelpfulHelps, but not essential
Before this
3 topicsHistorical Thinking // Ages 6 to 8
Contextualising past behaviour requires first accepting that the same event can look different from different viewpoints — contextualisation is the deeper explanation for why accounts differ
Historical Thinking // Ages 6 to 10
Judging historical actions in context draws on era, period, and chronology vocabulary
- Connecting New & Old IdeasHelpful
Learning to Learn // Learning to Learn // Ages 7 to 8
Historical contextualisation requires connecting a person's actions to the world they inhabited — the same connecting habit used across all subjects
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Understanding People in Their Own Time
Ages 8 to 10 // Thinking skill
Leads to
2 topicsHistorical Thinking // Ages 10 to 11
Recognising that interpretation is shaped by context — including the historian's own time and perspective — builds on the contextualisation habit
Ancient Greece & Rome // Ages 11 to 13
Understanding historical context/empathy needed before evaluating lives of marginalised groups
History // Historical Thinking
More in Historical Thinking
- Checking Sources Against Each OtherAges 8 to 10Thinking skillCorroborate: check whether multiple sources agree on the same facts — and investigate why they might not
- Questioning Historical SourcesAges 8 to 10Thinking skillBefore trusting a historical source, ask: who made this, when, and why? — the answers shape how much weight the source should carry
- Evidence from the PastAges 6 to 7Thinking skillUnderstand that everything we know about the past comes from evidence — objects, buildings, pictures, documents, and stories that have survived