Learn // Topics

All topics

Search by name, or narrow by subject, age, and type. Open a topic to see the ages it covers, what to learn first, and where it leads.

49 to 72 of 75 topics

By subject and area, youngest first

  • History // Ancient Greece & Rome

    Inclusion and Exclusion in Athens

    Analyse who was included and excluded from Athenian democracy — only free adult male citizens (roughly 30% of adults) could participate, while women, enslaved…

    Ages 11 to 13Concept
  • History // Ancient Greece & Rome

    Fall of the Roman Republic

    Trace how Roman political violence — the murder of the Gracchi brothers, civil wars between Marius and Sulla, Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon and assassination…

    Ages 12 to 14Concept
  • History // Medieval Times

    What Is a Castle?

    What a castle is: a fortified building used as both a home and a defence; key parts including towers, moat, drawbridge, and thick walls; why castles were built

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • History // Medieval Times

    Village Life

    Daily life for ordinary people in a medieval village: thatched houses, farming, baking bread, fetching water; how different life was from today

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • History // Medieval Times

    Kings & Queens

    What medieval kings and queens did: ruling the land, making laws, collecting taxes; the crown and throne as symbols of power; the Tower of London

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • History // Medieval Times

    Knights & Armour

    What knights were: trained warriors who served a lord; armour, shields, swords, and lances; the code of chivalry as rules for how knights should behave

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • History // Medieval Times

    The Vikings

    Who the Vikings were: seafaring warriors and traders from Scandinavia; longships; Viking raids on Britain; that Vikings also settled and farmed

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • History // Medieval Times

    Robin Hood & King Arthur

    The legends of Robin Hood (Sherwood Forest, stealing from the rich, Merry Men) and King Arthur (Round Table, Excalibur, Camelot); that these are stories, not…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • History // Medieval Times

    Medieval Clothing

    What people wore in medieval times: peasant clothes (wool, linen) vs noble clothes (silk, fur, bright colours); no zippers or buttons; how clothes showed your…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • History // Medieval Times

    Medieval Food & Feasts

    What people ate in medieval times: bread and pottage for ordinary people, grand feasts for the rich; no forks, eating with hands; the great hall as the centre…

    Ages 5 to 7Concept
  • History // Medieval Times

    Battle of Hastings and 1066

    The events of 1066: the death of Edward the Confessor, three claimants to the throne, the Battle of Hastings, William the Conqueror, and the Bayeux Tapestry as…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • History // Medieval Times

    Medieval Pyramid of Power

    How medieval society was organised: king at the top, then lords, then knights, then peasants/serfs; who owed what to whom; the pyramid of power and mutual…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • History // Medieval Times

    The Medieval Church

    The enormous power of the medieval Church: monasteries and the daily life of monks and nuns; building great cathedrals; pilgrimage as a religious journey; the…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • History // Medieval Times

    The Crusades

    A simplified account of the Crusades: why Europeans travelled to the Holy Land, what they found there, the cultural exchange between Christian Europe and the…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • History // Medieval Times

    Castle Design Through the Ages

    How castles were built and evolved: from wooden motte-and-bailey to stone keeps to concentric castles; rooms and their uses; how castle design responded to new…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • History // Medieval Times

    Anglo-Saxon Britain

    Who the Anglo-Saxons were: Germanic peoples who settled in Britain after the Romans left; their kingdoms, villages, place names, art, and eventual conversion to…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • History // Medieval Times

    Siege Warfare

    How castles were attacked and defended: siege weapons (trebuchets, battering rams, siege towers), boiling liquids, arrow slits, murder holes; the drama of a…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • History // Medieval Times

    The Black Death

    The Black Death of 1348-49: what the plague was, how it spread, its devastating death toll; how it changed society by giving surviving workers more power and…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • History // Medieval Times

    Vikings vs Anglo-Saxons

    The conflict between Vikings and Anglo-Saxons for control of England: Viking raids, Alfred the Great's resistance, the Danelaw, Athelstan as first king of all…

    Ages 7 to 9Concept
  • History // Medieval Times

    Medieval Legacy in Modern Life

    What the Middle Ages gave us: Parliament, universities, common law, Gothic architecture, the English language (Anglo-Saxon + Norman French), place names…

    Ages 9 to 11Concept
  • History // Medieval Times

    Medieval Worlds Beyond Europe

    The medieval world beyond Europe: the Islamic Golden Age (maths, medicine, architecture), the Mali Empire and Mansa Musa, Song Dynasty China; how the medieval…

    Ages 9 to 11Concept
  • History // Medieval Times

    Printing Press & Renaissance

    The invention of the printing press by Gutenberg and its arrival in England with William Caxton; how printed books changed everything; the transition from the…

    Ages 9 to 11Concept
  • History // Medieval Times

    Art & Architecture

    Medieval cultural achievements: illuminated manuscripts, Gothic cathedrals (flying buttresses, stained glass), Gregorian chant, the Bayeux Tapestry; art and…

    Ages 9 to 11Concept
  • History // Medieval Times

    Magna Carta and Limiting Royal Power

    King John, the barons' revolt, and the sealing of the Magna Carta in 1215; what the Magna Carta said about limiting the king's power; its lasting importance for…

    Ages 9 to 11Concept