All topics

Mathematics // Probability

Compare the likelihood of different events and order them from least to most likely — including situations with unequal outcomes such as a bag with more of one…

Mathematics // Probability

Understand probability as a measure expressed as a number between 0 (impossible) and 1 (certain); place events on the probability scale; express probabilities…

Mathematics // Probability

Understand that when all possible outcomes of a trial are listed, their probabilities must add up to 1; use this to find the probability of an event NOT…

Mathematics // Probability

Understand and apply the rule that probabilities of all mutually exclusive outcomes sum to one; use this to find the probability of a complementary event (P(not…

Mathematics // Probability

Understand probability as a measure on a scale from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain); use the language of probability including likely, unlikely, certain, and…

Mathematics // Ratio & Proportion

Express one quantity as a fraction of another where the result may be less than 1 or greater than 1, and interpret the meaning in context

Mathematics // Ratio & Proportion

Define percentage as 'number of parts per hundred'; interpret percentages and percentage changes as a fraction or a decimal; express one quantity as a…

Mathematics // Ratio & Proportion

Recognise and solve problems involving direct proportion (as one quantity increases, the other increases at a constant rate) and inverse proportion (as one…

Mathematics // Ratio & Proportion

Understand that a multiplicative relationship between two quantities can be expressed as a ratio; use ratio notation; simplify ratios

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Understand that words combine to make sentences — a sentence expresses a complete thought; produce and expand complete sentences in speech and writing

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Use verbs to convey past and present tense correctly and consistently, including the progressive form (e.g., she is drumming, he was shouting), understanding…

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Understand and use the four sentence types — statement, question, exclamation, and command — recognising how grammatical patterns indicate sentence function

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Use personal, possessive, and indefinite pronouns correctly (e.g., I/me/my, they/them/their, anyone/everything), replacing nouns to avoid repetition

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Use determiners (articles a/an/the and demonstratives this/that/these/those) correctly before nouns

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Use the present perfect form of verbs in contrast to the simple past tense, understanding how the present perfect indicates an action completed at an…

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Choose pronouns for clarity and cohesion, avoiding ambiguity and repetition; use reflexive pronouns correctly (e.g., myself, ourselves, himself)

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Use adjectives and adverbs correctly, choosing between them depending on whether a noun or verb/adjective is being modified (e.g., 'She ran quickly' vs 'She is…

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Distinguish between the plural -s suffix and the possessive -'s suffix in nouns

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Understand and use abstract nouns to name ideas, qualities, and states that cannot be perceived by the senses

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Understand and use modal verbs (can, may, must, might, shall, will, could, should, would) and modal adverbs (perhaps, surely, certainly) to indicate degrees of…

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Explain the function of conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections in general and in particular sentences, understanding how each word class contributes to…

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Analyse the effectiveness and impact of grammatical features in texts read — understanding how authors make deliberate grammatical choices (sentence length…

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Understand and analyse the function of phrases (noun, verb, adjectival, adverbial, prepositional) and clauses (main, subordinate, relative) in general and in…

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Know and understand the differences between spoken and written language — including differences in formality, register, grammar, and vocabulary — and between…