Math // Area
Probability
Age coverage
Ages 9 to 14
Starts at age 9 // 5 topics
Starting at age 9
- Probability as a Fraction
Describe the probability of simple equally-likely outcomes using unit fractions: the probability of rolling a 6 on a fair die is 1/6, flipping heads is 1/2…
Ages 9 to 10Representation - Simple Chance Experiments
Conduct simple probability experiments — flipping a coin, rolling a die, pulling coloured counters from a bag — record results, and compare experimental…
Ages 9 to 10Method - Likelihood Language
Use probability language to describe and compare the likelihood of everyday events using words such as certain, likely, even chance, unlikely, impossible
Ages 9 to 10Language - Equally Likely Outcomes
Understand that 'equally likely' means every outcome has exactly the same chance of occurring; identify whether a given situation has equally likely outcomes (a…
Ages 9 to 10Concept - Ordering Likelihoods
Compare the likelihood of different events and order them from least to most likely — including situations with unequal outcomes such as a bag with more of one…
Ages 9 to 10Concept
Starts at age 10 // 4 topics
Starting at age 10
- Calculating Simple Probability
Calculate the probability of a simple event with equally likely outcomes using the formula: probability = number of favourable outcomes ÷ total number of…
Ages 10 to 11Method - The 0-to-1 Probability Scale
Understand probability as a measure expressed as a number between 0 (impossible) and 1 (certain); place events on the probability scale; express probabilities…
Ages 10 to 11Concept - Probabilities Sum to One
Understand that when all possible outcomes of a trial are listed, their probabilities must add up to 1; use this to find the probability of an event NOT…
Ages 10 to 11Concept - Experimental vs Theoretical
Run repeated probability experiments and compare experimental (relative frequency) results with theoretical predictions; understand and demonstrate that as the…
Ages 10 to 11Method
Starts at age 11 // 3 topics
Starting at age 11
- Complementary events
Understand and apply the rule that probabilities of all mutually exclusive outcomes sum to one; use this to find the probability of a complementary event (P(not…
Ages 11 to 13Concept - The Probability Scale
Understand probability as a measure on a scale from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain); use the language of probability including likely, unlikely, certain, and…
Ages 11 to 13Concept - Experimental probability
Record, describe, and analyse the frequency of outcomes from probability experiments to develop an understanding of relative frequency as an estimate of…
Ages 11 to 13Method
Starts at age 12 // 3 topics
Starting at age 12
- Tree diagrams
Generate theoretical sample spaces for single and combined events using listing, tables, and tree diagrams, and calculate theoretical probabilities as the…
Ages 12 to 14Method - Sets & Venn Diagrams
Enumerate sets and their unions and intersections systematically using tables, grids, and Venn diagrams to organise and count outcomes
Ages 12 to 14Method - Venn Diagrams and Counting Outcomes
Construct and interpret Venn diagrams with two or three sets to organise and count outcomes; use systematic listing and the product rule for counting to…
Ages 12 to 13Representation