Math // Area
Addition & Subtraction
Age coverage
Ages 4 to 13
Starts at age 4 // 6 topics
Starting at age 4
- Subtraction as taking away or separating
Understand subtraction as taking away or separating from a group to find how many remain
Ages 4 to 6Concept - Addition as combining or putting together two
Understand addition as combining or putting together two groups to find the total
Ages 4 to 6Concept - Number bonds to 9
Find the number that makes 10 when added to a given number from 1 to 9 (number bonds to 10)
Ages 4 to 6Method - Numbers up to 10 into pairs
Decompose numbers up to 10 into pairs in more than one way (part-part-whole)
Ages 4 to 6Concept - Addition and subtraction word problems
Solve addition and subtraction word problems within 10 using objects or drawings
Ages 4 to 6Method - Representing Addition and Subtraction
Represent addition and subtraction using objects, drawings, and mental images
Ages 4 to 6Representation
Starts at age 5 // 5 topics
Starting at age 5
Your child is building a strong foundation in addition and subtraction, learning to combine and separate numbers up to 20 using objects, drawings, and mental strategies.
- Reading +, −, and = symbols
Read, write, and interpret the symbols +, −, and = in number sentences
Ages 5 to 6Language - Fluent adding and subtracting within 5
Fluently add and subtract within 5
Ages 5 to 6Method - Number bonds
Recall number bonds (addition and related subtraction facts) within 20
Ages 5 to 6Method - Adding and subtracting
Add and subtract one-digit and two-digit numbers to 20, including zero
Ages 5 to 6Method - Early Word Problems
Solve one-step word problems involving addition and subtraction to 20, including missing-number problems
Ages 5 to 7Method
Starts at age 6 // 17 topics
Starting at age 6
Your child is building strong foundations in addition and subtraction — learning to add and subtract numbers fluently within 20, understanding the relationship between these operations, and applying various mental strategies to solve problems.
- Addition and subtraction within 20
Add and subtract within 20 using strategies such as making ten, decomposing a number leading to ten, and using known facts
Ages 6 to 7Method - Fluent adding and subtracting within 10
Fluently add and subtract within 10
Ages 6 to 7Method - Adding within 100
Add within 100 using strategies based on place value, including adding a two-digit and one-digit number, and a two-digit and a multiple of 10
Ages 6 to 7Method - What the equals sign means
Understand the meaning of the equal sign as 'is the same as' and determine if equations are true or false
Ages 6 to 7Concept - Addition in any order
Understand and apply the commutative property of addition: addends can be added in any order
Ages 6 to 7Concept - Finding a missing number in addition
Understand subtraction as finding an unknown addend (e.g. 10 − 8 = ? is the same as 8 + ? = 10)
Ages 6 to 7Concept - Inverse: addition undoes subtraction
Recognise and use the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction to check calculations and solve missing-number problems
Ages 6 to 7Concept - Mental and written addition and subtraction
Solve addition and subtraction problems using mental and written methods, including problems involving numbers, quantities, and measures
Ages 6 to 7Method - Adding two two-digit numbers
Add and subtract two two-digit numbers using concrete objects, pictorial representations, and mental methods
Ages 6 to 7Method - Mental addition and subtraction (age 6+)
Add and subtract a two-digit number and ones mentally and using concrete/pictorial representations
Ages 6 to 7Method - Unknown in Addition & Subtraction
Determine the unknown whole number in an addition or subtraction equation relating three whole numbers
Ages 6 to 7Method - Fluent addition and subtraction
Recall and use addition and subtraction facts to 20 fluently, and derive and use related facts up to 100
Ages 6 to 7Method - Adding and subtracting tens mentally
Add and subtract a two-digit number and tens mentally and using concrete/pictorial representations
Ages 6 to 7Method - Subtracting multiples of 10
Subtract multiples of 10 (10–90) from multiples of 10 using place value strategies
Ages 6 to 7Method - Adding Three Small Numbers
Add three one-digit numbers using strategies including looking for pairs that make 10
Ages 6 to 7Method - Grouping numbers to add
Understand and apply the associative property of addition: when adding three numbers, any two can be added first
Ages 6 to 7Concept - Addition and subtraction strategies
Use counting on and counting back as strategies for addition and subtraction
Ages 6 to 7Method
Starts at age 7 // 13 topics
Starting at age 7
Your child is advancing their calculation skills — learning to add and subtract larger numbers up to 1000, mastering mental math strategies, and solving more complex word problems.
- Fluent adding and subtracting within 100
Fluently add and subtract within 100 using strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and the relationship between addition and subtraction
Ages 7 to 8Method - Fluent adding and subtracting within 20
Fluently add and subtract within 20 using mental strategies; know from memory all sums of two one-digit numbers
Ages 7 to 8Method - Addition and subtraction within 1000
Add and subtract within 1000 using concrete models, drawings, and strategies based on place value; understand composing and decomposing tens and hundreds
Ages 7 to 8Method - Adding and subtracting (age 7+)
Add and subtract numbers with up to three digits using formal written methods of columnar addition and subtraction
Ages 7 to 8Method - Estimating by rounding
Estimate the answer to a calculation and use inverse operations to check answers; apply to increasingly large numbers using rounding and inverse reasoning
Ages 7 to 9Thinking skill - Missing number problems (age 7+)
Solve addition and subtraction problems including missing-number problems, using number facts, place value, and more complex methods
Ages 7 to 8Method - Two-Step Word Problems
Solve one- and two-step word problems within 100 using addition and subtraction, with unknowns in all positions
Ages 7 to 8Method - Addition and subtraction strategies (age 7+)
Explain why addition and subtraction strategies work, using place value and the properties of operations
Ages 7 to 8Thinking skill - Numbers on a number line
Represent whole numbers as lengths on a number line and represent sums and differences within 100 on a number line diagram
Ages 7 to 8Representation - Mental addition and subtraction (age 7+)
Mentally add and subtract a three-digit number and ones
Ages 7 to 8Method - Adding numbers
Add up to four two-digit numbers using strategies based on place value and properties of operations
Ages 7 to 8Method - Mentally adding hundreds to 3-digit numbers
Mentally add and subtract a three-digit number and hundreds
Ages 7 to 8Method - Mentally adding tens to 3-digit numbers
Mentally add and subtract a three-digit number and tens
Ages 7 to 8Method
Starts at age 8 // 4 topics
Starting at age 8
Your child is mastering more complex addition and subtraction — working with larger numbers up to four digits, solving multi-step word problems, and using formal written methods alongside mental strategies.
- Two-Step Equations
Solve two-step word problems using the four operations; represent problems using equations with a letter standing for the unknown quantity
Ages 8 to 9Method - Adding and subtracting (age 8+)
Add and subtract numbers with up to four digits using formal written methods of columnar addition and subtraction
Ages 8 to 9Method - Two-step addition and subtraction problems
Solve addition and subtraction two-step problems in contexts, deciding which operations and methods to use and why
Ages 8 to 9Method - Fluent adding and subtracting within 1000
Fluently add and subtract within 1000 using strategies and algorithms based on place value, properties of operations, and the relationship between addition and…
Ages 8 to 9Method
Starts at age 9 // 4 topics
Starting at age 9
Your child is mastering mental arithmetic with large numbers and using formal written methods for complex calculations, while learning to choose the most efficient method for different types of problems.
- Adding and subtracting (age 9+)
Solve addition and subtraction multi-step problems in contexts, deciding which operations and methods to use and why
Ages 9 to 10Method - Checking Answers by Rounding
Use rounding to check answers to calculations and determine appropriate levels of accuracy in context
Ages 9 to 10Thinking skill - Fluent addition and subtraction (age 9+)
Fluently add and subtract whole numbers with more than four digits using the standard columnar algorithm
Ages 9 to 10Method - Mental addition and subtraction (age 9+)
Add and subtract numbers mentally with increasingly large numbers, using place-value knowledge and derived facts
Ages 9 to 10Method
Starts at age 10 // 2 topics
Starting at age 10
Your child is mastering complex addition and subtraction — solving multi-step problems with large numbers and decimals, and choosing the best strategies to work out challenging calculations.
- Adding and subtracting (age 10+)
Solve addition and subtraction multi-step problems in contexts, deciding which operations and methods to use and why, with numbers up to 10,000,000 and decimals
Ages 10 to 11Method - Addition and subtraction strategies (age 10+)
Add and subtract decimals to hundredths using strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and the relationship between addition and subtraction…
Ages 10 to 11Method
Starts at age 11 // 1 topic
Starting at age 11
- Positive and Negative Numbers
Understand positive and negative numbers as describing quantities with opposite directions or values; use them in context such as temperature, floors in a…
Ages 11 to 13Representation