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English // Reading Comprehension

Analyse multiple accounts of the same event or topic, noting important similarities and differences in the point of view they represent

English // Reading Comprehension

Explain how an author uses reasons and evidence to support particular points in a text, identifying which reasons and evidence support which specific points

English // Reading Comprehension

Evaluate arguments and claims in non-fiction texts — assess whether reasoning is sound, evidence is relevant and sufficient, distinguish between fact and…

English // Reading Comprehension

Determine the meaning of figurative and connotative language in context, analyse the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone, and identify literary…

English // Reading Comprehension

Recognise and understand poetic conventions — including form (sonnet, ballad, free verse), metre, rhyme scheme, stanza structure, imagery, and sound devices…

English // Reading Comprehension

Analyse point of view and narrative perspective — including first person, third person limited and omniscient, and unreliable narrator — and how the author's or…

English // Reading Comprehension

Analyse how plot structure unfolds through episodes or key events, and how characters develop, respond to challenges, and change over the course of a narrative…

English // Reading Comprehension

Understand how dramatists communicate meaning through performance — including staging, direction, set design, lighting, and actors' choices — and how different…

English // Reading Comprehension

Make critical comparisons across texts — comparing themes, characters, settings, styles, or arguments in two or more works, including texts from different…

English // Reading Comprehension

Determine and analyse the theme or central idea of a text, trace how it develops across the text through key details and events, and provide an objective…

English // Reading Comprehension

Identify the purpose, audience, and context of a text and use this knowledge to support comprehension — recognising how writing aimed at different audiences…

English // Reading Comprehension

Analyse how a text's structure — including its overall organisation, use of chapters, stanzas, scenes, paragraphs, or sections — contributes to its meaning…

English // Vocabulary

Use knowledge of Greek and Latin affixes (prefixes and suffixes) and roots as clues to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words, building a bank of common…

English // Vocabulary

Understand and identify similes (comparisons using like or as) and metaphors (direct comparisons stating something is something else) in texts, explaining how…

English // Vocabulary

Demonstrate understanding of words by relating them to their antonyms (opposites) and synonyms (words with similar meanings), using synonym and antonym…

English // Vocabulary

Recognise and interpret common idioms (break the ice, hit the nail on the head), adages (actions speak louder than words), and proverbs (a stitch in time saves…

English // Vocabulary

Compare and contrast the varieties of English used in stories, dramas, or poems, including dialects and registers, understanding how language varies by region…

English // Vocabulary

Understand and interpret figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meaning — including allusion, irony, pun, oxymoron, and extended metaphor…

Science // Animals of the World

Understand that biodiversity — the variety of different species in an ecosystem — is essential for healthy ecosystems, and that keystone species (like wolves in…

Science // Animals of the World

Know how people work to protect endangered animals — through national parks and marine reserves, captive breeding programmes (like those that saved the…

Science // Animals of the World

Understand why some animal species become endangered or go extinct — habitat destruction, hunting/poaching, pollution, climate change, and invasive species…

Science // Animals of the World

Understand that invasive species are animals (or plants) that have been introduced to a place where they don't naturally belong — like grey squirrels…

Science // Animals of the World

Understand that animals have structural adaptations (body features like the giraffe's long neck, eagle's talons, dolphin's streamlined shape), behavioural…

Science // Animals of the World

Understand symbiosis — close relationships between different species — including mutualism (both benefit, like clownfish and anemones), commensalism (one…