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English // Vocabulary

Use knowledge of common inflections and affixes (-ed, -s, un-, -er) as clues to the meaning of unknown words; understand how the prefix un- changes meaning

English // Vocabulary

Define words by category and by one or more key attributes (e.g., 'a duck is a bird that swims'), making real-life connections between words and their use

English // Vocabulary

Identify frequently occurring root words and their inflectional forms (e.g., look/looks/looked/looking), using affixes as clues to word meaning and…

English // Vocabulary

Recognise and compare formal and informal uses of English, understanding that language choices vary based on audience, purpose and context

English // Vocabulary

Explore word families based on common root words, understanding how words are related in form and meaning through shared roots, prefixes and suffixes (e.g…

English // Vocabulary

Distinguish literal from nonliteral (figurative) language in context and interpret common idioms and phrases

English // Vocabulary

Acquire and use accurately academic and domain-specific vocabulary relevant to grade-level topics, including words that signal precise meaning in informational…

English // Vocabulary

Use knowledge of Greek and Latin affixes (prefixes and suffixes) and roots as clues to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words, building a bank of common…

English // Vocabulary

Understand and identify similes (comparisons using like or as) and metaphors (direct comparisons stating something is something else) in texts, explaining how…

English // Vocabulary

Demonstrate understanding of words by relating them to their antonyms (opposites) and synonyms (words with similar meanings), using synonym and antonym…

English // Vocabulary

Recognise and interpret common idioms (break the ice, hit the nail on the head), adages (actions speak louder than words), and proverbs (a stitch in time saves…

English // Writing Composition

Know and use the vocabulary of the writing process — compose, plan, draft, revise, edit, proofread, genre, audience, purpose, narrative, recount, instruction…

English // Writing Composition

Participate in shared research and writing projects; recall information from experiences or gather information from sources to answer a question

English // Writing Composition

Read own writing aloud clearly enough to be heard by peers and the teacher; use digital tools to produce and publish writing

English // Writing Composition

Plan before writing by saying aloud or noting down what will be written, writing down ideas and key words, and encapsulating ideas sentence by sentence before…

English // Writing Composition

Compose informative or explanatory texts that introduce a topic, use facts and definitions to develop points, and provide a concluding statement or section

English // Writing Composition

Compose opinion pieces that introduce a topic, state a clear point of view, provide organised reasons linked with connecting words, and include a concluding…

English // Writing Composition

Evaluate and edit writing by assessing effectiveness, proposing changes to grammar and vocabulary for consistency, and proof-reading for spelling, grammar and…

English // Writing Composition

Organise writing into paragraphs, grouping related material around a theme, and use simple organisational devices such as headings and sub-headings in…

English // Writing Composition

Write narratives with developed settings, characters and plot, using dialogue and description to develop experiences and show character responses to situations

English // Writing Composition

Compose and rehearse sentences orally before writing, progressively building varied and rich vocabulary and an increasing range of sentence structures including…

English // Writing Composition

Conduct short research projects that build knowledge about a topic, gather information from print and digital sources, and take brief organised notes

English // Writing Composition

Read back your own writing critically and independently — notice where meaning is unclear, where a word could be stronger, or where the reader might be…

English // Writing Composition

Know and use the vocabulary of writing craft and effect — form, structure, register, tone, voice, coherence, cohesion, argument, evidence, perspective…