All topics

Personal & Social Development // Friendship & Cooperation

Reflect on their own role and behaviour in relationships — recognising patterns in how they interact with others, understanding what they contribute to…

Personal & Social Development // Friendship & Cooperation

Give and receive constructive feedback — telling someone what they did well and what could be improved in a way that is helpful rather than hurtful, and…

Personal & Social Development // Friendship & Cooperation

Use assertive communication — expressing needs, opinions, and boundaries clearly and respectfully without being aggressive (pushy/demanding) or passive (giving…

Personal & Social Development // Friendship & Cooperation

Mediate conflicts between others — helping two friends who are arguing by listening to both sides, helping them see each other's perspective, and guiding them…

Personal & Social Development // Friendship & Cooperation

Understand subtext, indirect communication, and social cues in adolescent peer groups; analyse the psychology of in-group and out-group dynamics and why…

Personal & Social Development // Friendship & Cooperation

Understand how to have honest, direct conversations that address problems without attacking the person; apply the principles of non-violent communication…

Personal & Social Development // Friendship & Cooperation

Distinguish different leadership styles (directive, democratic, servant, transformational) and understand when each is appropriate; understand that influence in…

Personal & Social Development // Responsible Decision-Making

Know and use the vocabulary of making decisions and keeping safe — choice, consequence, rule, safe, fair, honest, trusted adult, and right and wrong — and…

Personal & Social Development // Responsible Decision-Making

Understand that actions have consequences — that what you choose to do affects both yourself and other people — and begin to think about what might happen…

Personal & Social Development // Responsible Decision-Making

Know the difference between right and wrong in familiar everyday situations — understanding basic rules about honesty, not hurting others, respecting others'…

Personal & Social Development // Responsible Decision-Making

Understand why rules and agreements exist — that they help keep people safe, make things fair, and help groups work well together — and follow agreed rules…

Personal & Social Development // Responsible Decision-Making

Keep themselves safe in everyday situations — knowing basic safety rules about roads, strangers, water, and the internet — and understanding who their trusted…

Personal & Social Development // Responsible Decision-Making

Use a simple decision-making process when faced with a choice — stopping to think, identifying the options, considering the consequences of each option, and…

Personal & Social Development // Responsible Decision-Making

Know and use the vocabulary of ethics and citizenship — bullying, cyberbullying, bystander, upstander, peer pressure, digital citizenship, rights…

Personal & Social Development // Responsible Decision-Making

Understand the bystander role — that when someone witnesses unkind or unfair behaviour, they have a choice: they can be a passive bystander (doing nothing)…

Personal & Social Development // Responsible Decision-Making

Understand what bullying is — repeated behaviour intended to hurt someone, including physical, verbal, social (exclusion, spreading rumours), and cyberbullying…

Personal & Social Development // Responsible Decision-Making

Understand basic digital citizenship — being kind online, protecting personal information, recognising that people behind screens are real people with real…

Personal & Social Development // Responsible Decision-Making

Evaluate the ethical dimensions of real-world issues they encounter — such as environmental responsibility, fairness in sport, digital ethics, or social justice…

Personal & Social Development // Responsible Decision-Making

Understand that ethical decisions are not always black and white — that sometimes there is no perfect answer and reasonable people can disagree — and practise…

Personal & Social Development // Responsible Decision-Making

Understand peer pressure — the influence friends and peers can have on your choices and behaviour — and develop strategies for resisting pressure to do…

Personal & Social Development // Responsible Decision-Making

Understand their rights and responsibilities as a member of a community — that everyone has a right to be treated with respect and to feel safe, and that with…

Personal & Social Development // Responsible Decision-Making

Distinguish between risk (decisions with known probabilities) and uncertainty (decisions with unknown outcomes); identify cognitive biases that distort risk…

Personal & Social Development // Responsible Decision-Making

Understand the ethics of online identity and the importance of consistency between who you are online and offline; explain how recommendation algorithms and…

Personal & Social Development // Responsible Decision-Making

Introduce the three main ethical frameworks: consequentialism (judge actions by outcomes and overall welfare), deontology (judge actions by adherence to rules…